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26 9 月 2024

美國進口量飆升:貨櫃量增長近20%

美國貨櫃海運業正迎來前所未見的增長 – 2024年8月進口貨櫃量激增近20%。根據海運專家約翰·麥考恩提供的最新數據,十大美國貨櫃港口報告了同比19.3%的進口貨櫃量增長,標誌著連續第十一個月的增長。

美國港口打破紀錄的一年

這次進口激增,鞏固了2024年作為美國港口業活動出色一年的地位。麥考恩表示:「8月堅實增長代表連續十一個月同比容量增長。」他進一步指出,2024年首八個月進口量增長16.9%,使其成為繼全球海運疫情高峰期後表現最佳的時期。僅在8月,美國港口處理的貨櫃量為221萬個20英尺標準集裝箱(TEU),就跟5月份創下的歷史新高相去不遠。

經濟實力驅動增長

雖然有人在行業內臆測,東岸和墨西哥灣港口可能面臨的潛在工會罷工正在驅動進口激增,但麥考恩的分析表明,這不是主要原因。相反,他指出底層經濟實力:包括穩定的庫存水平和庫存銷售比率,更可能是貨櫃量增加的原因。

麥考恩還強調西海岸和東海岸港口活動間的顯著轉移。他表示:「8月數據未顯示ILA狀況相關的輸送提前,但顯示一定的地域轉移。」這種轉移使西海岸港口在過去十三個月中超越東海岸和墨西哥灣港口十一次。在8月份中,西海岸港口的進口量增長達到顯著的28.4%,而東海岸和墨西哥灣港口則見到更保守的10.5%增長。

勞工罷工的潛在影響

儘管麥考恩表明進口激增與勞工問題無直接聯繫,但國際長工同盟在東海岸和墨西哥灣港口可能發生罷工的可能性仍是重大議題。麥考恩把兩海岸表現差異達18.1個百分點歸因於此顧慮,即船東預先把貨物轉往西海岸港口,以避免潛在干擾。

提升濕度保護意識的呼聲

隨著進口貨物數量激增以及商品在運輸或滯留擁堵港口的時間延長,損害風險將增加——特別是濕度損害。受擁堵影響改道較長或不佳航線的貨櫃船,尤其易受天氣變化影響,有可能導致貨物濕度損害。

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